ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and factors influencing depressive symptoms among children with dyslexia in China.@*Methods@#A total of 6 298 children in grades 3-5 were recruited from eight primary schools in Baoan, Shenzhen. The Questionnaire for Children s Reading Ability, the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children, the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities, and the Children s Depression Inventory short version were used.@*Results@#The prevalence of dyslexia was 2.76%( n =174). The rate of depressive symptoms in children with dyslexia (37.36%) was higher than children without dyslexia (18.17%)( χ 2=40.94, P ＜0.01). Compared with children without dyslexia, children with dyslexia had an increased risk of depressive symptoms ( OR=2.65, 95%CI=1.87-3.75, P ＜0.01). In addition, the average time that a mother spent with her child every day was one of the factors influencing depressive symptoms. The risk of depressive symptoms was lower in children who spent ≥3 h with their mothers than children who spent <1 h(3-4 h: OR=0.54, 95%CI=0.36-0.81； 5-6 h: OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.34-0.78 ; ≥7 h: OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.32-0.69, P ＜0.01).@*Conclusion@#The rate of depressive symptoms in children with dyslexia was shown to be high. Increasing the time that mothers spend with their children every day is helpful in preventing the occurrence of depression in children.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the association between factors affecting language development and Chinese dyslexia, providing scientific evidence for prevention and intervention of dyslexia.@*Methods@#Twelve elementary schools were selected in Baoan, Shenzhen. The parents and head teachers of 12 868 children in grade 3-5 were surveyed by the Questionnaire for Children s Reading Ability, the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities.@*Results@#The prevalence rate of dyslexia was 2.71%, with 349 children suffering from dyslexia. Gender, parental education and occupations, family income, whether parents work away from home before their child was 3 years old, average time mother spends with her child daily and number of languages spoken in family had statistical significance on dyslexia(all P <0.05). After adjusting for parental education and occupations, and family income, the children who spent more than 1 hour with their mothers per day had a significantly reduced risk of dyslexia (1-2: OR =0.46; 3-4: OR =0.45; 5-6: OR =0.40; >7 h: OR =0.36, P <0.05); the children living in families where two languages were used for communication had a significantly reduced risk of dyslexia( OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.57-0.96, P =0.02). Children with a history of language development disorders had a significantly increased risk of dyslexia( OR=17.30, 95%CI=7.86-38.09, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Increase of time mother spend with their child daily and paying more attention to the children with a history of language development disorders can help to prevent the occurrence of dyslexia.
ABSTRACT
This study explored the possibility that the components in melanoma cytoplasm induce murine BMSCs transformation and expression of Melan-A by morphologically observing the changes of BMSCs and immunocytochemically detecting Melan-A in the cells after culturing BMSCs in medium containing melanoma cytoplasm components (MCC).MCC of B16 melanoma cells was prepared and BMSCs were cultured and induced by adding the MCC into culture medium.The cells were morphologically observed and Melan-A was immunohistochemically detected to confirm BMSCs transformation.MCC-induced BMSCs underwent morphological changes.A number of melanin granules appeared in the cytoplasm of the cells and some were released into surrounding areas.Several cells that might come from one cell formed a cluster,and their granules,together with those secreted by other induced BMSCs,formed a so-called “sphere-formed structure”.The induced BMSCs expressed Melan-A.We are led to conclude that there might be some factors in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells that might induce BMSCs transformation toward melanogenic cell,or even melanoma.